So I recently reprogrammed a shock trap... and when I stepped on it, it triggered.
No trap triggers on everyone, and all reprogrammed traps target the enemy, as expected. But when you see something odd like that you're not sure about, check your message log for an explanation to learn a new mechanic :)
Shock traps do (unless they are traps from derelicts and it doesn't trigger with them?). I've seen them trigger with Enemy, neutral, as well as myself. Regardless of whether I reprogram them or not. When I reprogram. I tested, triggers log says something like "power surge wells from underneath.." or something then +1 or 2 corruption.
Alarm traps also another batch of traps that suck too. You can only manually reprogram (enemy triggers them to summon investigation squad...)
Like I said, you'll need to look more closely at the mechanics. I could explain further but I don't spoil things. You'll find answers in game :)
Note there are a number of ways to trigger traps.